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Subtract the Product and Sum of Digits of an Integer

Number: 1406

Difficulty: Easy

Paid? No

Companies: Meta, Quora

Problem Description

Given an integer n, return the difference between the product of its digits and the sum of its digits.

Key Insights

  • Iterate through each digit of the integer.
  • Multiply the digits together for the product.
  • Add the digits together for the sum.
  • The result is the product minus the sum.

Space and Time Complexity

Time Complexity: O(d), where d is the number of digits in n.
Space Complexity: O(1), constant extra space.

Solution

The solution involves processing each digit of the integer n. We can either convert the integer to a string or use arithmetic operations to extract each digit by repeatedly taking the modulo and division by 10. We initialize two variables: one for the product (initialized to 1) and one for the sum (initialized to 0). For every digit, we update the product and the sum. Finally, the difference (product - sum) is returned. This method is efficient and straightforward, requiring constant space.

Code Solutions

# Function to calculate the difference between product and sum of digits
def subtractProductAndSum(n: int) -> int:
    product = 1     # Initialize product of digits
    digit_sum = 0   # Initialize sum of digits
    # Process each digit until n becomes 0
    while n > 0:
        digit = n % 10           # Extract the last digit
        product *= digit         # Multiply product by the digit
        digit_sum += digit       # Add digit to the sum
        n //= 10                 # Remove the last digit
    return product - digit_sum   # Return the difference between product and sum

# Example usage
print(subtractProductAndSum(234))  # Expected output: 15
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